Configuring ports using the FortiGate CLI

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Configuring ports using the FortiGate CLI

Configuring port speed and status

Use the following commands to set port speed and other base port settings:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit <switch> config ports edit <port> set description <text> set speed <speed> set status {down | up}

end

end

For example:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit S524DF4K15000024 config ports edit port1 set description “First port” set speed auto set status up

end

end

Sharing FortiSwitch ports between VDOMs

Virtual domains (VDOMs) are a method of dividing a FortiGate unit into two or more virtual units that function as multiple independent units. VDOMs provide separate security domains that allow separate zones, user authentication, security policies, routing, and VPN configurations.

FortiSwitch ports can now be shared between VDOMs.

NOTE: You cannot use the quarantine feature while sharing FortiSwitch ports between VDOMs.

To share FortiSwitch ports between VDOMs:

  1. Create one or more VDOMs.
  2. Assign VLANs to each VDOM as required.

 

  1. From these VLANs, select one VLAN to be the default VLAN for the ports in the virtual switch:

config switch-controller global

set default-virtual-switch-vlan <VLAN>

NOTE: You must execute these commands from the VDOM that the default VLAN belongs to.

When you add a new port to the VDOM, the new port will be automatically assigned to the default VLAN. You can reassign the ports to other VLANs later.

  1. Create a virtual port pool (VPP) to contain the ports to be shared:

config switch-controller virtual-port-pool edit <VPP_name> description <string>

next

end

NOTE: You must execute these commands from the VDOM that the default VLAN belongs to.

For example:

config switch-controller virtual-port-pool edit “pool3” description “pool for port3”

next

end

  1. Share a FortiSwitch port from the VDOM that the FortiSwitch belongs to with another VDOM or export the FortiSwitch port to a VPP where it can be used by any VDOM:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit <switch.id> config ports edit <port_name> set {export-to-pool <VPP_name> | export-to <VDOM_name>} set export-tags <string1,string2,string3,…>

next

end

next

end

NOTE: You must execute these commands from the VDOM that the default VLAN belongs to.

For example, if you want to export a port to the VPP named pool3:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit “S524DF4K15000024” config ports edit port3 set export-to-pool “pool3” set export-tags “Pool 3”

next

end

next end

For example, if you want to export a port to the VDOM named vdom3:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit “S524DF4K15000024” config ports edit port3 set export-to “vdom3” set export-tags “VDOM 3”

next

end

next

end

  1. Request a port in a VPP: execute switch-controller virtual-port-pool request <FortiSwitch_device_ID> <port_name>

NOTE: You must execute this command from the VDOM that is requesting the port.

For example:

execute switch-controller virtual-port-pool request S524DF4K15000024h port3

  1. Return a port to a VPP: execute switch-controller virtual-port-pool return <FortiSwitch_device_ID> <port_name>

NOTE: You must execute this command from the VDOM that owns the port.

For example: execute switch-controller virtual-port-pool return S524DF4K15000024h port3

You can create your own export tags using the following CLI commands:

config switch-controller switch-interface-tag edit <tag_name>

end

Use the following CLI command to list the contents of a specific VPP: execute switch-controller virtual-port-pool show-by-pool <VPP_name>

Use the following CLI command to list all VPPs and their contents: execute switch-controller virtual-port-pool show

NOTE: Shared ports do not support the following features: l LLDP

  • 1x l STP l BPDU guard l Root guard l DHCP snooping l IGMP snooping l QoS
  • Port security l MCLAG

Limiting the number of learned MAC addresses on a FortiSwitch interface

You can limit the number of MAC addresses learned on a FortiSwitch interface (port or VLAN). The limit ranges from 1 to 128. If the limit is set to the default value zero, there is no learning limit.

NOTE: Static MAC addresses are not counted in the limit. The limit refers only to learned MAC addresses.

Use the following CLI commands to limit MAC address learning on a VLAN:

config switch vlan edit <integer> set switch-controller-learning-limit <limit>

end

end

For example:

config switch vlan edit 100 set switch-controller-learning-limit 20

end

end

Use the following CLI commands to limit MAC address learning on a port:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit <FortiSwitch_Serial_Number> config ports edit <port> set learning-limit <limit>

next

end

end

end

For example:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit S524DF4K15000024 config ports edit port3 set learning-limit 50

next

end

end

end

You can change how long learned MAC addresses are stored. By default, each learned MAC address is aged out after 300 seconds. After this amount of time, the inactive MAC address is deleted from the FortiSwitch hardware. The value ranges from 10 to 1000,000 seconds. Set the value to 0 to disable MAC address aging.

config switch-controller global set mac-aging-interval <10 to 1000000> end

For example:

config switch-controller global set mac-aging-interval 500

end

If you want to see the first MAC address that exceeded the learning limit for an interface or VLAN, you can enable the learning-limit violation log for a managed FortiSwitch unit. Only one violation is recorded per interface or VLAN.

By default, logging is disabled. The most recent violation that occurred on each interface or VLAN is recorded in the system log. After that, no more violations are logged until the log is reset for the triggered interface or VLAN. Only the most recent 128 violations are displayed in the console.

Use the following commands to control the learning-limit violation log and to control how long learned MAC addresses are save:

config switch-controller global set mac-violation-timer <0-1500>

set log-mac-limit-violations {enable | disable}

end

For example:

config switch-controller global set mac-violation-timer 1000 set log-mac-limit-violations enable

end

To view the content of the learning-limit violation log for a managed FortiSwitch unit, use one of the following commands:

  • diagnose switch-controller dump mac-limit-violations all <FortiSwitch_serial_ number>
  • diagnose switch-controller dump mac-limit-violations interface <FortiSwitch_ serial_number> <port_name>
  • diagnose switch-controller dump mac-limit-violations vlan <FortiSwitch_serial_ number> <VLAN_ID>

For example, to set the learning-limit violation log for VLAN 5 on a managed FortiSwitch unit: diagnose switch-controller dump mac-limit-violations vlan S124DP3XS12345678 5

To reset the learning-limit violation log for a managed FortiSwitch unit, use one of the following commands:

  • execute switch-controller mac-limit-violation reset all <FortiSwitch_serial_ number>
  • execute switch-controller mac-limit-violation reset vlan <FortiSwitch_serial_ number> <VLAN_ID>
  • execute switch-controller mac-limit-violation reset interface <FortiSwitch_ serial_number> <port_name>

For example, to clear the learning-limit violation log for port 5 of a managed FortiSwitch unit:

execute switch-controller mac-limit-violation reset interface S124DP3XS12345678 port5

Configuring the DHCP trust setting

The DHCP blocking feature monitors the DHCP traffic from untrusted sources (for example, typically host ports and unknown DHCP servers) that might initiate traffic attacks or other hostile actions. To prevent this, DHCP blocking filters messages on untrusted ports.

Set the port as a trusted or untrusted DHCP-snooping interface:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit <switch-id> config ports edit <port name> set dhcp-snooping {trusted | untrusted}

end

end

For example:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit S524DF4K15000024 config ports edit port1 set dhcp-snooping trusted

end

end

Configuring PoE

The following PoE CLI commands are available starting in FortiSwitchOS 3.3.0.

Enable PoE on the port

config switch-controller managed-switch edit <switch-id> config ports edit <port name> set poe-status {enable | disable}

end

end

For example:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit S524DF4K15000024 config ports edit port1 set poe-status enable

end

end

Reset the PoE port

Power over Ethernet (PoE) describes any system that passes electric power along with data on twisted pair Ethernet cabling. Doing this allows a single cable to provide both data connection and electric power to devices (for example, wireless access points, IP cameras, and VoIP phones).

The following command resets PoE on the port:

execute switch-controller poe-reset <fortiswitch-id> <port>

Display general PoE status get switch-controller <fortiswitch-id> <port>

The following example displays the PoE status for port 6 on the specified switch:

# get switch-controller poe FS108D3W14000967 port6

Port(6) Power:3.90W, Power-Status: Delivering Power

Power-Up Mode: Normal Mode

Remote Power Device Type: IEEE802.3AT PD

Power Class: 4

Defined Max Power: 30.0W, Priority:3

Voltage: 54.00V

Current: 78mA

Configuring edge ports

Use the following commands to enable or disable an interface as an edge port:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit <switch> config ports edit <port> set edge-port {enable | disable}

end end

For example:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit S524DF4K15000024 config ports edit port1 set edge-port enable

end

end

Configuring STP

Starting with FortiSwitch Release 3.4.2, STP is enabled by default for the non-FortiLink ports on the managed FortiSwitch units. STP is a link-management protocol that ensures a loop-free layer-2 network topology.

NOTE: STP is not supported between a FortiGate unit and a FortiSwitch unit in FortiLink mode.

To configure global STP settings, see Configure STP settings on page 71.

Use the following commands to enable or disable STP on FortiSwitch ports:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit <switch-id> config ports edit <port name> set stp-state {enabled | disabled} end

end

For example:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit S524DF4K15000024 config ports edit port1 set stp-state enabled

end

end

To check the STP configuration on a FortiSwitch, use the following command: diagnose switch-controller dump stp <FortiSwitch_serial_number> <instance_number>

For example:

FG100D3G15817028 # diagnose switch-controller dump stp S524DF4K15000024 0    
MST Instance Information, primary-Channel:

Instance ID :     0

Switch Priority : 24576

Root MAC Address :       085b0ef195e4

Root Priority:      24576

Root Pathcost:      0

Regional Root MAC Address :      085b0ef195e4

      
Regional Root Priority: 24576          
Regional Root Path Cost: Remaining Hops:  20 0          
This Bridge MAC Address : This bridge is the root 085b0ef195e4          
Port

Protection

 Speed Cost Priority Role State Edge STP-Status Loop
________________ ______ _________ _________ ___________ __________ ____ __________ ________
port1 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port2 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port3 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port4 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port5 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port6 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port7 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port8 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port9 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port10 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port11 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port12 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port13 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port14 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port15 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port16 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port17 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port18 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port19 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port20 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port21 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port22 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port23 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port25 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port26 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port27 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port28 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO
port29 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO  
port30 – 200000000 128 DISABLED DISCARDING YES ENABLED NO  
internal 1G 20000 128 DESIGNATED FORWARDING YES DISABLED NO  
__FoRtI1LiNk0__ 1G 20000 128 DESIGNATED FORWARDING YES DISABLED NO  

Configuring STP root guard

Root guard protects the interface on which it is enabled from becoming the path to root. When enabled on an interface, superior BPDUs received on that interface are ignored or dropped. Without using root guard, any switch that participates in STP maintains the ability to reroute the path to root. Rerouting might cause your network to transmit large amounts of traffic across suboptimal links or allow a malicious or misconfigured device to pose a security risk by passing core traffic through an insecure device for packet capture or inspection. By enabling root guard on multiple interfaces, you can create a perimeter around your existing paths to root to enforce the specified network topology.

Enable root guard on all ports that should not be root bridges. Do not enable root guard on the root port. You must have STP enabled to be able to use root guard.

Use the following commands to enable or disable STP root guard on FortiSwitch ports:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit <switch-id> config ports edit <port name> set stp-root-guard {enabled | disabled}

end

end

For example:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit S524DF4K15000024 config ports edit port1 set stp-root-guard enabled

end

end

Configuring STP BPDU guard

Similar to root guard, BPDU guard protects the designed network topology. When BPDU guard is enabled on STP edge ports, any BPDUs received cause the ports to go down for a specified number of minutes. The BPDUs are not forwarded, and the network edge is enforced. There are two prerequisites for using BPDU guard:

l You must define the port as an edge port with the set edge-port enable command. l You must enable STP on the switch interface with the set stp-state enabled command.

You can set how long the port will go down when a BPDU is received for a maximum of 120 minutes. The default port timeout is 5 minutes. If you set the timeout value to 0, the port will not go down when a BPDU is received, but you will have manually reset the port.

Use the following commands to enable or disable STP BPDU guard on FortiSwitch ports:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit <switch-id>

config ports edit <port name> set stp-bpdu-guard {enabled | disabled} set stp-bpdu-guard-time <0-120>

end

end

For example:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit S524DF4K15000024 config ports edit port1 set stp-bpdu-guard enabled set stp-bpdu-guard-time 10

end

end

To check the configuration of STP BPDU guard on a FortiSwitch unit, use the following command: diagnose switch-controller dump bpdu-guard-status <FortiSwitch_serial_number>

For example:

FG100D3G15817028 # diagnose switch-controller dump bpdu-guard-status
S524DF4K15000024

Managed Switch : S524DF4K15000024 0

      
Portname State Status Timeout(m) Count Last-Event
_________________ _______ _________ ___________ _____ _______________
port1 enabled – 10 0 –
port2 disabled – – – –
port3 disabled – – – –
port4 disabled – – – –
port5 disabled – – – –
port6 disabled – – – –
port7 disabled – – – –
port8 disabled – – – –
port9 disabled – – – –
port10 disabled – – – –
port11 disabled – – – –
port12 disabled – – – –
port13 disabled – – – –
port14 disabled – – – –
port15 disabled – – – –
port16 disabled – – – –
port17 disabled – – – –
port18 disabled – – – –
port19 disabled – – – –
port20 disabled – – – –
port21 disabled – – – –
port22 disabled – – – –
port23 disabled – – – –
port25 disabled – – – –
port26 disabled – – – –  
port27 disabled – – – –  
port28 disabled – – – –  
port29 disabled – – – –  
port30 disabled – – – –  
__FoRtI1LiNk0__ disabled – – – –  

Configuring loop guard

A loop in a layer-2 network results in broadcast storms that have far-reaching and unwanted effects. Fortinet loop guard helps to prevent loops. When loop guard is enabled on a switch port, the port monitors its subtending network for any downstream loops. The loop guard feature is designed to work in concert with STP rather than as a replacement for STP. By default, loop guard is disabled on all ports.

Use the following commands to configure loop guard on a FortiSwitch port:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit <switch-id> config ports edit <port name> set loop-guard {enabled | disabled} set loop-guard-timeout <0-120 minutes>

end

end

For example:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit S524DF4K15000024 config ports edit port1 set loop-guard enabled set loop-guard-timeout 10

end

end

Configuring LLDP settings

The Fortinet data center switches support the Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) for transmission and reception wherein the switch will multicast LLDP packets to advertise its identity and capabilities. A switch receives the equivalent information from adjacent layer-2 peers.

Use the following commands to configure LLDP on a FortiSwitch port:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit <switch-id> config ports edit <port name> set lldp-status {rx-only | tx-only | tx-rx | disable} set lldp-profile <profile name>

end

end

For example:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit S524DF4K15000024

config ports edit port2 set lldp-status tx-rx set lldp-profile default

end

end

Configuring IGMP settings

IGMP snooping allows the FortiSwitch to passively listen to the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) network traffic between hosts and routers. The switch uses this information to determine which ports are interested in receiving each multicast feed. FortiSwitch can reduce unnecessary multicast traffic on the LAN by pruning multicast traffic from links that do not contain a multicast listener.

Use the following commands to configure IGMP settings on a FortiSwitch port:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit <switch-id> config ports edit <port name> set igmp-snooping {enable | disable} set igmps-flood-reports {enable | disable}

end

end

For example:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit S524DF4K15000024 config ports edit port3 set igmp-snooping enable set igmps-flood-reports enable

end

end

Configuring sFlow

sFlow is a method of monitoring the traffic on your network to identify areas on the network that might impact performance and throughput. With sFlow, you can export truncated packets and interface counters. FortiSwitch implements sFlow version 5 and supports trunks and VLANs.

NOTE: Because sFlow is CPU intensive, Fortinet does not recommend high rates of sampling for long periods.

sFlow uses packet sampling to monitor network traffic. The sFlow agent captures packet information at defined intervals and sends them to an sFlow collector for analysis, providing real-time data analysis. To minimize the impact on network throughput, the information sent is only a sampling of the data.

The sFlow collector is a central server running software that analyzes and reports on network traffic. The sampled packets and counter information, referred to as flow samples and counter samples, respectively, are sent as sFlow datagrams to a collector. Upon receiving the datagrams, the sFlow collector provides real-time analysis and graphing to indicate the source of potential traffic issues. sFlow collector software is available from a number of third-party software vendors. You must configure a FortiGate policy to transmit the samples from the FortiSwitch unit to the sFlow collector.

sFlow can monitor network traffic in two ways:

l Flow samples—You specify the percentage of packets (one out of n packets) to randomly sample. l Counter samples—You specify how often (in seconds) the network device sends interface counters.

Use the following CLI commands to specify the IP address and port for the sFlow collector. By default, the IP address is 0.0.0.0, and the port number is 6343.

config switch-controller sflow collector-ip <x.x.x.x> collector-port <port_number>

end

Use the following CLI commands to configure sFlow:

config switch-controller managed-switch <FortiSwitch_serial_number> config ports edit <port_name> set sflow-sampler <disabled | enabled> set sflow-sample-rate <0-99999> set sflow-counter-interval <1-255>

next

next

end

For example:

config switch-controller sflow collector-ip 1.2.3.4 collector-port 10

end

config switch-controller managed-switch S524DF4K15000024 config ports edit port5 set sflow-sampler enabled set sflow-sample-rate 10 set sflow-counter-interval 60

next

next

end

Configuring Dynamic ARP inspection (DAI)

DAI prevents man-in-the-middle attacks and IP address spoofing by checking that packets from untrusted ports have valid IP-MAC-address binding. DAI allows only valid ARP requests and responses to be forwarded.

To use DAI, you must first enable the DHCP-snooping feature, enable DAI, and then enable DAI for each VLAN. By default, DAI is disabled on all VLANs.

After enabling DHCP snooping with the set switch-controller-dhcp-snooping enable command, use the following CLI commands to enable DAI and then enable DAI for a VLAN:

config system interface edit vsw.test set switch-controller-arp-inpsection <enable | disable>

end config switch-controller managed-switch edit <sn> config ports edit <VLAN_ID> arp-inspection-trust <untrusted | trusted>

next

end

next

end

Use the following CLI command to check DAI statistics for a FortiSwitch unit: diagnose switch arp-inspection stats <FortiSwitch_Serial_Number>

Use the following CLI command to delete DAI statistics for a specific VLAN:

diagnose switch arp-inspection stats clear <VLAN_ID> <FortiSwitch_Serial_Number>

Configuring FortiSwitch port mirroring

The FortiSwitch unit can send a copy of any ingress or egress packet on a port to egress on another port of the same FortiSwitch unit. The original traffic is unaffected. This process is known as port mirroring and is typically used for external analysis and capture.

Use the following CLI commands to configure FortiSwitch port mirroring:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit <FortiSwitch_Serial_Number> config mirror edit <mirror_name> set status <active | inactive> set dst <port_name>

set switching-packet <enable | disable> set src-ingress <port_name> set src-egress <port_name>

next

end

next

NOTE: The set status and set dst commands are mandatory for port mirroring.

For example:

config switch-controller managed-switch edit S524DF4K15000024 config mirror edit 2 set status active set dst port1 set switching-packet enable set src-ingress port2 port3 set src-egress port4 port5

next

end next

 

This entry was posted in Administration Guides, FortiOS 6, FortiSwitch on by .

About Mike

Michael Pruett, CISSP has a wide range of cyber-security and network engineering expertise. The plethora of vendors that resell hardware but have zero engineering knowledge resulting in the wrong hardware or configuration being deployed is a major pet peeve of Michael's. This site was started in an effort to spread information while providing the option of quality consulting services at a much lower price than Fortinet Professional Services. Owns PacketLlama.Com (Fortinet Hardware Sales) and Office Of The CISO, LLC (Cybersecurity consulting firm).

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