GTP identity filtering

FortiOS Carrier supports a number of filtering methods based on subscriber identity such as APN filtering, IMSI

filtering, and advanced filtering. This section includes:

• IMSI on carrier networks
• Other identity and location based information elements
• Configuring APN filtering in FortiOS Carrier Configuring IMSI filtering in FortiOS Carrier Configuring advanced filtering in FortiOS Carrier

 

IMSI on carrier networks

The International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number is central to identifying users on a carrier network. It is a unique number that is assigned to a cell phone or mobile device to identify it on the GMS or UTMS network.

Typical the IMSI number is stored on the SIM card of the mobile device and is sent to the network as required. An IMSI number is 15 digits long, and includes the Mobile Country Code (MCC), Mobile Network Code (MNC), and Mobile Station Identification Number (MSIN).

 

IMSI codes

The Home Network Identity (HNI) is made up of the MCC and MNC. The HNI is used to fully identify a user’s home network. This is important because some large countries have more than one country code for a single carrier. For example a customer with a mobile carrier on the East Coast of the United States would have a different MCC than a customer on the West Coast with the same carrier because even through the MNC would be the same the MCC would be different — the United States uses MCCs 310 to 316 due to its size.

If an IMSI number is not from the local carrier’s network, IMSI analysis is performed to resolve the number into a Global Title which is used to access the user’s information remotely on their home carrier’s network for things like billing and international roaming.

 

Other identity and location based information elements

IMSI focuses on the user, their location, and carrier network. There are other numbers used to identify different user related Information Elements (IE).

These identity and location based elements include:

• Access Point Number (APN)
• Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network (MSISDN)
• Radio Access Technology (RAT) type
• User Location Information (ULI)
• Routing Area Identifier (RAI)
• International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)

 

Access Point Number (APN)

The Access Point Number (APN) is used in GPRS networks to identify an IP packet data network that a user wants to communicate with. The Network Identifier describes the network and optionally the service on that network that the GGSN is connected to. The APN also includes the MCC and MCN, which together locate the network the GGSN belongs to. An example of an APN in the Barbados using Digicel as the carrier that is connecting to the Internet is internet.mcc342.mnc750.gprs.

When you are configuring your Carrier-enabled FortiGate unit’s GTP profiles, you must first configure the APN. It is critical to GTP communications and without it no traffic will flow.

The access point can then be used in a DNS query to a private DNS network. This process (called APN resolution) gives the IP address of the GGSN which serves the access point. At this point a PDP context can be activated.

 

Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network (MSISDN)

This is a 15-digit number that, along with the IMSI, uniquely identifies a mobile user. Normally this number includes a 2-digit country code, a 3-digit national destination code, and a 10-digit subscriber number or the phone number of the mobile device, and because of that may change over time if the user changes their phone number. The MSISDN number follows the ITU-T E.164 numbering plan.

 

Radio Access Technology (RAT) type

The RAT type represents the radio technology used by the mobile device. This can be useful in determining what services or content can be sent to a specific mobile device. FortiOS Carrier supports:

• UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), commonly referred to as 3G, routes many types of traffic including IP traffic. This is one of the faster types.
• GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) is a key part of the GSM network which routes both phone calls and data.
• Wireless LAN (WLAN) is used but not as widely as the other types. It is possible for the mobile device to move from one WLAN to another such as from an internal WLAN to a commercial hot spot.
• Generic Access Network (GAN) can also be called unlicensed mobile access (UMA). It routes voice, data, and SIP over IP networks. GAN is commonly used for mobile devices that have a dual-mode and can hand-off between GSM and WLANs.
• High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) includes two other protocols High Speed Downlink and Uplink Packet Access protocols (HSDPA and HSUPA respectively). It improves on the older WCDMA protocols by better using the radio bandwidth between the mobile device and the radio tower. This results in an increased data transfer rate for the user.

RAT type is part of advanced filtering configuration. See Configuring advanced filtering in FortiOS Carrier.